In order to keep up a uniform temperature distribution across a substrate, the circuit design may be optimized by altering the localized energy density of the resistor circuit. Heat is generated by the passage of electric current via a resistor by way of a process generally known as Joule heating. They're completely different from units that generate heat from electrical vitality by way of the Peltier effect, and haven't any dependence on the direction of electrical current.
Though more difficult to design and implement, a VAV system is more energy efficient than a CAV system as a result of the components of a variable airflow design operate solely as wanted.